Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus that often appear during a woman’s reproductive years. While many fibroids are harmless and symptom-free, others can lead to complications—especially when it comes to fertility and pregnancy. This leads many women to ask: Do fibroids affect fertility or cause miscarriage? And if so, what steps can be taken to preserve reproductive health?
In this post, we’ll explore how fibroids affect fertility, their impact on pregnancy outcomes, and when treatments like Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) might be appropriate. Whether you’re planning to conceive or already expecting, understanding the role fibroids play is key to making informed decisions for a healthy future.
Table of Contents
- How Fibroids Develop
- Can Fibroids Cause Infertility?
- Can Fibroids Cause Miscarriage or Pregnancy Complications?
- Will Fibroids Cause Weight Gain?
- Treatment Options: Preserving Fertility
- When to Seek Medical Help
- Final Thoughts
1. How Fibroids Develop
Fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, develop from the muscle tissue of the uterus. They can vary in size and location—some grow inside the uterine lining (submucosal), within the uterine wall (intramural), or on the outer surface (subserosal). The location of fibroids often determines whether they will interfere with fertility or pregnancy.
Though the exact cause remains unclear, fibroids are linked to estrogen levels, family history, and lifestyle factors. Most women with fibroids don’t experience complications, but for some, the presence of fibroids can significantly disrupt reproductive health.
2. Can Fibroids Cause Infertility?
Yes, fibroids can cause infertility— especially if they alter the shape of the uterus or block the fallopian tubes. Submucosal fibroids, which grow just beneath the uterine lining, are most associated with reduced fertility. They may prevent a fertilized egg from implanting or disrupt early embryo development.
Common ways fibroids can impact fertility:
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Blocking the sperm from reaching the egg
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Preventing embryo implantation
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Affecting the blood supply to the uterine lining
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Causing hormonal imbalances that affect ovulation
That said, many women with fibroids conceive naturally and carry healthy pregnancies. The need for treatment depends on symptoms, fibroid size, and how they interact with reproductive organs.
3. Can Fibroids Cause Miscarriage or Pregnancy Complications?
Fibroids are associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, particularly during the first and second trimesters. Research suggests that women with fibroids are 2–3 times more likely to experience pregnancy loss compared to women without fibroids.
Other possible complications include:
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Preterm labor
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Placental abruption
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Restricted fetal growth
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Cesarean delivery
Larger fibroids or those located near the placenta may compromise blood flow or space within the uterus, limiting fetal development. In some cases, fibroids may also cause pain and uterine cramping during pregnancy.
If you’re pregnant or trying to conceive and suspect fibroids might be interfering, speak with a specialist early on. Regular monitoring and treatment planning can reduce risks.
4. Will Fibroids Cause Weight Gain?
While not directly related to fertility, many women ask: Will fibroids cause weight gain? The answer is—it depends. Large fibroids or multiple growths can lead to noticeable abdominal swelling or a sensation of bloating. Though not traditional “weight gain,” the enlargement of the uterus due to fibroids may result in increased abdominal girth and discomfort.
If you experience persistent bloating or feel as if your belly is growing without lifestyle changes, it may be time to get screened for fibroids.
5. Treatment Options: Preserving Fertility
If fibroids are affecting your fertility or pregnancy plans, the good news is that non-surgical and fertility-preserving treatments are available.
Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)
UFE is a minimally invasive procedure that blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink. Unlike hysterectomy, UFE preserves the uterus, making it a viable option for women who wish to become pregnant in the future.
Other options include:
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Myomectomy: Surgical removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus
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Hormonal therapy: Helps manage symptoms temporarily but is not a long-term solution for fertility
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Watchful waiting: For small, asymptomatic fibroids not affecting fertility
Consulting with a fibroid specialist can help determine the best course of action based on your symptoms and reproductive goals.
6. When to Seek Medical Help
If you’re experiencing any of the following, it’s time to schedule a consultation:
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Difficulty conceiving after 6–12 months of trying
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Painful or heavy periods
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Recurrent pregnancy loss
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Pelvic pressure or bloating
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Known fibroids and planning for pregnancy
Early diagnosis can make a significant difference in outcomes, especially when fertility is a concern.
7. Final Thoughts
Fibroids are a common part of many women’s reproductive journeys—but that doesn’t mean they should be ignored. If you’ve been asking, can fibroid cause infertility or miscarriage?, the answer is yes, they can—but they don’t always. Understanding how fibroids affect your individual reproductive health is the first step in choosing the right treatment and improving your chances of a healthy pregnancy.
At Fibroid Care, we specialize in advanced, minimally invasive solutions like UFE to help women preserve their fertility and achieve their family goals with confidence. Our compassionate team is here to support you every step of the way.
Disclaimer
This content is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider about your specific condition.